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پساتلویزیون ؛ دگرگونیهای تلویزیون در عصر همگرایی رسانه ها

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دکترای پژوهش هنر از دانشگاه هنر اصفهان

چکیده

«پساتلویزیون» اشاره به منسوخ شدن روشی خاص و پایان دوره‌ای دارد که در آن تماشای تلویزیون و مشارکت در آن انحصاری بود. همگرایی، به قابلیت استفاده‌ از چندین سرویس بر روی یک پلتفرم یا دستگاه گیرنده، یا امکان بهره‌برداری از هر سرویس بر روی چند دستگاه اشاره دارد. با دموکراتیزه ‌کردن فرایند تولید و توزیع ویدئو و اینترنتی‌ شدن تلویزیون‌، همگرایی به عرصه‌ تازه‌ای پا گذاشته است. در عصر «پساتلویزیون» تغییراتی صنعتی در ماهیت ابزار تماشا، سبک‌های تولید و سیستم‌های توزیع پدید آمده و یک اقتصاد جدید تولید تلویزیونی در حال وقوع است. تجربه‌ی تماشای تلویزیون در مرحله جدا شدن از یک دستگاه مشخص بوده و با وجود یک اینترنت همه‌گیر و همیشه متصل، که پهنای باند وسیعی دارد، مردم صرف‌نظر از اینکه کجا باشند، می‌توانند به سریال‌ها و برنامه‌های تلویزیونی یا سایت‌های اینترنتی موردعلاقه‌شان دسترسی پیدا کنند. این پژوهش که با روش توصیفی ‌ـ ‌تحلیلی و با استفاده از منابع کتابخانه‌ای صورت گرفته، پاسخ‌ به این پرسش را جست‌وجو می‌کند که نظریه‌های پیشین تا چه حد برای نظریه‌پردازی درباره‌ی تلویزیون، به‌عنوان رسانه‌ای در حال دگرگونی، توانمند هستند و برای تفسیر و توضیح تلویزیون در زمینه‌ی تولید، توزیع و مخاطب چه الگوهای نظری را می‌توان به کار گرفت؟ مقاله در انتها به این نتیجه می‌رسد: اکنون با تحقق همگرایی رسانه‌ها و از بین رفتن امکان تدریجی کنترل بر محتوا، تأثیرات گسترده‌ای در زمینه‌های اقتصادی، اجتماعی، سیاسی و فرهنگی جوامع، از لحاظ نظام ارتباطات ـ به ویژه ارتباط تلویزیونی ـ در حال وقوع است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Post-TV; Transformations of Television in the Era of Media Convergence

نویسنده [English]

  • Emad Hoseini

Ph.D. in Art Research

چکیده [English]

“Post-TV” refers to the closure of a period of time with a specific mode in which watching & interacting with television was entirely exclusive. Convergence focuses on the capability of having multi services on one platform or device, or utilization of every service on several platforms and devices. Now with democratization of production and distribution of videos and Internet Protocol TV, convergence has stepped into a new ground. In the Post-TV era, there are industrial changes happening in the nature of the watching devices, production methods, and broadcasting systems which leads to the emergence of a new TV economy. The experience of watching television on a single device is in the detaching phase, where with the help of a ubiquitous, higher bandwidth Internet, people regardless of their location can be always online and have access to the sites and watch their favorite series and television programs.This research is conducted through a descriptive - analytic method with the help of library documents, in order to answer the question that how competent are the previous theories  for theorizing about television as an evolving medium? In addition to that the research tries to specify what theoretical patterns can be applied in regard with interpreting & describing television in production, distribution and audience? Finally, the article comes to this conclusion: Now with the accomplishment of convergence in media and the gradual diminishing of control on the content, a wide spectrum of economical, political, social and cultural effects on societies would take place-specially on television- in relation to communication system.
A comparative review on the opinions of theoreticians of television studies can shed light to understand televisions transformations in the era of media convergence and opens new perspectives to comprehend the Post-TV for indigenous television researchers.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Television
  • Post-TV
  • Media Convergence
  • Video
  • Internet
  • TV Studies
مراجع

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فصلنامه علمی مطالعات میان‌رشته‌ای ارتباطات و رسانه
دوره 2، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 3
خرداد 1398
صفحه 115-150
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